商品防止超卖
商品防止超卖
1、商品秒杀超卖
在Service里面加上@Transactional事务注解和Lock锁
控制层：Controller
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式——Lock加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/lock")
public Result startLock(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式一...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByLock(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂，人也太多了，请稍后！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
return Result.ok();
}
业务层：Service
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByLock(long skgId, long userId) {
lock.lock();
try {
// 校验库存
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
// 扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
// 创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
// 模拟支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
但上面这样写法是有问题的，会出现超卖的情况，看下测试结果：模拟1000个并发，抢100商品。
这里在业务方法开始加了锁，在业务方法结束后释放了锁。但这里的事务提交却不是这样的，有可能在事务提交之前，就已经把锁释放了，这样会导致商品超卖现象。所以加锁的时机很重要！
2、解决超卖的问题
对于上面超卖现象，主要问题出现在事务中锁释放的时机，事务未提交之前，锁已经释放。（事务提交是在整个方法执行完）。如何解决这个问题呢，就是把加锁步骤提前
可以在controller层进行加锁
可以使用Aop在业务方法执行之前进行加锁
2.1 方式一（改进版加锁）
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式——Lock加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/lock")
public Result startLock(long skgId){
// 在此处加锁
lock.lock();
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式一...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByLock(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂，人也太多了，请稍后！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 在此处释放锁
lock.unlock();
}
return Result.ok();
}
2.2 方式二（AOP加锁）
自定义AOP注解
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ServiceLock {
String description() default "";
}
定义切面类
@Slf4j
@Component
@Scope
@Aspect
@Order(1) //order越小越是最先执行，但更重要的是最先执行的最后结束
public class LockAspect {
/**
* 思考：为什么不用synchronized
* service 默认是单例的，并发下lock只有一个实例
*/
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); // 互斥锁 参数默认false，不公平锁
// Service层切点 用于记录错误日志
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.scorpios.secondkill.aop.ServiceLock)")
public void lockAspect() {
}
@Around("lockAspect()")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) {
lock.lock();
Object obj = null;
try {
obj = joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException();
} finally{
lock.unlock();
}
return obj;
}
}
在业务方法上添加AOP注解
@Override
@ServiceLock // 使用Aop进行加锁
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByAop(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 校验库存
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
//扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
控制层：
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式二——Aop加锁")
@PostMapping("/start/aop")
public Result startAop(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式二...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByAop(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂，人也太多了，请稍后！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
2.3 方式三（悲观锁一）
使用for update一定要加上事务，当事务处理完后，for update才会将行级锁解除
如果请求数和秒杀商品数量一致，会出现少卖
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式三——悲观锁")
@PostMapping("/start/pes/lock/one")
public Result startPesLockOne(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式三...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByUpdate(skgId, userId);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂，人也太多了，请稍后！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
业务逻辑
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByUpdate(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 校验库存-悲观锁
SecondKill secondKill = secondKillMapper.querySecondKillForUpdate(skgId);
Integer number = secondKill.getNumber();
if (number > 0) {
//扣库存
secondKill.setNumber(number - 1);
secondKillMapper.updateById(secondKill);
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
Dao层
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁，当整个方法将事务提交后，才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
}
2.4 方式四（悲观锁二）
悲观锁的第二种方式就是利用update更新命令来加表锁
/**
* UPDATE锁表
* @param skgId 商品id
* @param userId 用户id
* @return
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByUpdateTwo(long skgId, long userId) {
try {
// 不校验，直接扣库存更新
int result = secondKillMapper.updateSecondKillById(skgId);
if (result > 0) {
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
Dao层
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁，当整个方法将事务提交后，才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND number > 0")
int updateSecondKillById(@Param("skgId") long skgId);
}
2.5 方式五（乐观锁）
乐观锁，顾名思义，就是对操作结果很乐观，通过利用version字段来判断数据是否被修改。
乐观锁，不进行库存数量的校验，直接做库存扣减。
这里使用的乐观锁会出现大量的数据更新异常（抛异常就会导致购买失败）、如果配置的抢购人数比较少、比如120:100(人数:商品) 会出现少买的情况，不推荐使用乐观锁。
@ApiOperation(value="秒杀实现方式五——乐观锁")
@PostMapping("/start/opt/lock")
public Result startOptLock(long skgId){
try {
log.info("开始秒杀方式五...");
final long userId = (int) (new Random().nextDouble() * (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;
// 参数添加了购买数量
Result result = secondKillService.startSecondKillByPesLock(skgId, userId,1);
if(result != null){
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, result.get("msg"));
}else{
log.info("用户:{}--{}", userId, "哎呦喂，人也太多了，请稍后！");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Result.ok();
}
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Result startSecondKillByPesLock(long skgId, long userId, int number) {
// 乐观锁，不进行库存数量的校验，直接
try {
SecondKill kill = secondKillMapper.selectById(skgId);
// 剩余的数量应该要大于等于秒杀的数量
if(kill.getNumber() >= number) {
int result = secondKillMapper.updateSecondKillByVersion(number,skgId,kill.getVersion());
if (result > 0) {
//创建订单
SuccessKilled killed = new SuccessKilled();
killed.setSeckillId(skgId);
killed.setUserId(userId);
killed.setState((short) 0);
killed.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
successKilledMapper.insert(killed);
//支付
Payment payment = new Payment();
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setSeckillId(skgId);
payment.setUserId(userId);
payment.setMoney(40);
payment.setState((short) 1);
payment.setCreateTime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
paymentMapper.insert(payment);
} else {
return Result.error(SecondKillStateEnum.END);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ScorpiosException("异常了个乖乖");
} finally {
}
return Result.ok(SecondKillStateEnum.SUCCESS);
}
@Repository
public interface SecondKillMapper extends BaseMapper<SecondKill> {
/**
* 将此行数据进行加锁，当整个方法将事务提交后，才会解锁
* @param skgId
* @return
*/
@Select(value = "SELECT * FROM seckill WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} FOR UPDATE")
SecondKill querySecondKillForUpdate(@Param("skgId") Long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND number > 0")
int updateSecondKillById(@Param("skgId") long skgId);
@Update(value = "UPDATE seckill SET number=number-#{number},version=version+1 WHERE seckill_id=#{skgId} AND version = #{version}")
int updateSecondKillByVersion(@Param("number") int number, @Param("skgId") long skgId, @Param("version")int version);
}
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